Hyperactivity and neurodevelopmental disorders

Also known as pyridoxine, B6 cannot be manufactured by humans and is obtained exclusively from the diet. In particular, B6 is necessary for creating neurotransmitters that regulate emotions, including serotonin, dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). B6 deficiency is generally found in individuals with highly-restricted diets and/or substantial gastrointestinal disease. B6 is present in a wide variety of nutritional supplements, including multivitamins.

Magnesium is a mineral that must be obtained in the diet in relatively large quantities. Magnesium deficiency is not rare, and the majority of Americans ingest sub-optimal amounts. Magnesium deficiency is particularly common in vulnerable populations, including people with gastrointestinal disease. Supplementation with magnesium appears to be especially helpful for alleviating hyperactivity in children. In a group of children supplemented with magnesium for six months, there was “an increase in magnesium contents in hair and a significant decrease of hyperactivity” compared to children in the control group who had not been treated with supplemental magnesium. Magnesium is present in a wide variant of supplements, including digestion aids and multivitamins.

L-theanine is similar to the amino acids L-glutamate and L-glutamine and is naturally found in many plants. L-theanine is particular abundant in many teas, and responsible in part for the calming aspect of tea. One study demonstrates that L-theanine is safe and effective in improving some aspects of sleep quality in boys diagnosed with ADHD. L-theanine is present in a wide variety of foods and beverages, as well as supplements. L-theanine is often paired with GABA and is thought to augment the effects of GABA supplementation.

5-hydroxytryptophan or 5-HTP is a naturally-occurring amino acid produced from tryptophan, which is converted to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin is a contributor to feelings of well-being and happiness, as well as modulating cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes. Serotonin is particularly important in digestion. 5-HTP is marketed in the United States and other countries as a dietary supplement for use as an antidepressant, appetite suppressant, and sleep aid.

GABA, or gamma aminobutyric acid, is a (non-protein) amino acid which acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter for the central nervous system. GABA blocks nerve impulses so that nerve cells do not fire too frequently. Individuals who have symptoms of ADHD, autism, anxiety, and depression may have a GABA deficiency. The lack of this brain chemical is said to cause symptoms which may include: brain fog, mood swings, increased stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, irritability, and aggression. GABA is present in a variety of supplements.